"If I told you that I knew about the Sun & the Moon, I'd be untrue." - Queens Of The Stone Age.
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الصابئة
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Helios ( Ἥλιος ) ; as us Sabians call it q'udul ( قودول ), and, poetically hammah ( هاماة ) meaning "heat".
The conceptions of our cousins, the Hebrews, with regard to physical phenomena, were those that they obtained among their neighbours, the sun being considered as a torch or light ("ma'or") suspended in the firmament. "The Hebrews, like the Egyptians and the Greeks, regarded the sun as the most powerful of the heavenly bodies, and they imagined that it moved by its own virtue, or that it was of the same nature with the other worlds, all created by the Lord." The Greeks then were more like their contemporaries the Egyptians, who considered the stars as light which emanated from the firmament of the sun; and the Hebrews, just like the other Greeks, were not ignorant of the phenomena of celestial motion; but, like the Greeks, they imagined the universe of the heavens was the emanation of the Word of God, for which reason they called God's works His creatures.
In this sense the Hebrews regarded the sun, or light, as the maker, from whom all the worlds have emanated, because in them is manifested the glory of the Lord. God had created the sun from Himself, and it was He that created all the other worlds from His own light. If, however, the Hebrews, like the Greeks, thought the stars of celestial origin, they only regarded them as light, or "ma'or," suspended in the firmament, because there was no more to be seen of them than light, or "ma'or," and therefore they had no notion of their nature. The Hebrews, on the contrary, believed all the light that had been created from the firmament was the work of the Almighty, for it is said in the Old Testament: "When the sun is exalted, and the moon is darkened, and the stars fall from heaven, then shall the Lord turn the lights of heaven away from the earth, and from the heavenly places, and shall make them dark to the gaze of men."
وعمل الله نورين عظيمين. النور الأعظم لحكم النهار ، والنور الأصغر لحكم الليل: صنع النجوم أيضا
The Zabur tells us that The Sun was created on the fourth day together with The Moon, the two constituting the great lights; and as the larger of them, the sun was given dominion over the day (136:2). The Sun gives light to the world, the Moon to the heavenly bodies, and, the Earth, the world. Thus, the Solar and Lunar worlds have their common end. The Sun is the first cause, so to speak, because the Sun is the cause of all beginnings. It governs every thing. But now we look to the lunar world. The lunar world is no more than the shadow of the earth, and that no more than a shadow of the earth. The earth is not an element of the sun. It is the sun or a little globe set in the water of the sky. That water may be said to be the sky. The Water of the heavens is, as it were, the mist which is thrown off from the sun at its setting, and this mist is divided into the water of the waters, or water of the sky, and water of the sea, or the water of the world. And the moon is, as it were, the shadow of the earth, which has been thrown off from the light of the sun, and this shadow is divided into the mists of the air and the smoke of the fire. Then, again, as the earth is of no use to the lunar sun, so too is the moon of no use to the terrestrial sun. The water of the heavens is the water of the world, and the air is the air of the world. For the elements of which the lunar globe is composed are water, air, and fire.
The Sun has a tent (Zabur 19:5), and, a bridal chamber (Zabur 19:6); and, a palace in the midst of the gardens (Zabur 19:7).
The sun has a tent, and a bed in the midst of the mountains. And a palace in the midst of the gardens.
It may seem strange that the Sun had to have a mansion to live in; but there is a simple reason why the Sun may have needed a mansion; The Sun and its glory, may be said to have lived in the Sun's own shadow.
The "fame of The Sun is everlasting" (Zabur 72:17).
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الصابئة
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The Moon ( Luna ) ; as us Sabians call it jirig ( جعرعغ ), and, poetically limuhiz ( لعموحعز ) meaning "whiteness". The New Moon is listed thrice in the Chronicles.
In the narrative of the Creation, the moon is indicated, without any special name, as one of the two great luminaries. Relatively to the sun, it is "the lesser light to rule the night"; and it is to serve together with the sun for signs, seasons, days, and years. The moon is the starry body as great as the sun; the starry body of the moon stands above the sun as a "greater star," and, because it is "the little body," it is the "light of the world" and the "springtime of the world." Thus from the beginning, the moon, with the sun, is always seen at the same time in the same region in the sky. And this time of the moon's appearance, as well as its disappearance, is regulated by signs. This is the signification of the word "tide." And the moon is, as well as the sun, the "tide." And this same notion of the word "tide" serves for the meaning of "day," and likewise the derivation of the word "day" from "day." The time of the lunar month, then, is, to make the moon's disappearance synchronous with the moon's appearance at the same time in the same region.
The Sun and The Moon are going round in circles!
وقال الله لتكن انوار في جلد السماء لتفصل بين النهار والليل. ولتكن لآيات ومواسم وأيام وسنين
The Zabur tells us that it is expressly stated that the moon was created in order to indicate the seasons (104:19). However, when the moon appeared to be a different colour, no one believed that it had been created to indicate the seasons, so the creation story is a later addition and the moon was not created in order to indicate the seasons but simply because it appeared to be different from all other celestial bodies.
Like the other celestial bodies, the moon was believed to have an influence on the universe. The moon was believed to be composed of five distinct layers: the dark earth beneath it, the ocean below it, the light above it, and the moon herself. The light above was believed to radiate an intense, bright white light. This was believed to bring good fortune. The dark earth was believed to be the source of evil in the world.
The night sky was thought to be an illusion produced by the moon's light. On the earth, the moon was thought to shine brighter and therefore make the night sky appear brighter than it really was!
Precious things are put forth by the moon; the growth of certain plants and the moistening of the dew. And those words of God, that they brought forth in their mothers' wombs, were written on the earth by means of men's hands." And, "The heaven is a book. The earth is a garden. The sea is the womb of the deep.
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